Similarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and...

Similarities and differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period. Similarities and Differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period What were the similarities and differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period? The Romantic Age and Victorian Period had many similarities, but they had far more differences. They first differed in rule: the Romantic Age didn’t have a king or queen, but the Victorian Period did. They were similar and different in writing styles, and beliefs. The Industrial Revolution also had an effect on both time periods. The Romantic Period was from 1784 until 1832. The Romantics brought amore brave, individual, and imaginative approach to both literature and life. During the†¦show more content†¦Victorian England was mighty, and its empire circled the globe (Fuller, 284). During her reign, Britain emerged as the world’s foremost industrial nation. Many people were critical of the society in which they l ived (Fuller, 284). Nineteenth century England became the first modern and industrial nation. During Victoria’s reign great economic, social, and political changes occurred in Britain (Merritt, 320). Pfordresher said that â€Å"It ruled the most widespread empire in world history, embracing all of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, and many smaller countries in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.†. England then started to become unstable and survival seemed doubtful. An English version of the French Revolution seemed dangerously close. The number of people doubled in England between 1801 and 1850. Like the Romantic Age, the population shifted from rural areas to the newly industrialized cities. â€Å"The Victorian years did bring increasing efforts to achieve political, social, and economic reforms to meet the changes created by industrialization,† said by Pfordresher. Almeida 3 the 1840†²s were the worst of the century for employment, hunger, an d disease. Another difference between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period is the way that the writers wrote and in what they believed. Romantic writers were optimists, they believed in the possibility of progress, social and human reform. They saw mankind as generally good, but wereShow MoreRelatedThe Romantic Age vs. The Victorian Period Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romantic Age and Victorian Period had many similarities, but they had just as many or more differences. They first differed in rule; the Romantic Age didnt have a king or queen, but they did during the Victorian Period. They were similar and different in writing styles, and beliefs. The Industrial Revolution also had a huge effect on both time periods. The Romantic Period was from 1784 until 1832, it brought a more brave, individual, and imaginative approach to both literature and life. DuringRead MoreThe Romantic Victorians Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Romantic Victorians Finding a similarity between the Romantic era and the Victorian era can be quite a challenge because of the all the differences between them. â€Å"This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison† written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a great example of a literary work of the Romantic era because of the various themes that compose it. The â€Å"The Lady of Shallot† by Alfred, Lord Tennyson in the Victorian era is a poem that can portray the society that shaped the era. Both poems share the theme isolationRead MoreThe Victorian Era1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthe society that it was written in. In the case of the Victorian/Romantic era in British Literature, many authors discuss the many different feelings about science and the role of women at the time. Both the Romantic and Victorian eras of English history were product of the scientific developments that occurred during these periods of history. The Romantic era was the response that artists, authors, and society in general had from the Age of Reason (or Enlightenment), where the major philosophersRead MoreThe Value Of Literature Courses1428 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the value of literature courses? We live in an age where information is conveyed in 140 characters. Why should students be required to read longer works? (By way of helping students get started ... this question is based on your opinion and you should make a short argument for or against. It is okay to use first person, I.) Literature courses force people to think outside of their own cultural perceptions. They give students the ability to think critically and to analyze problems by lookingRead MoreOf The Fallen Woman In A CastawayAndGoblin Market2010 Words   |  9 PagesIn this essay, it is explained the concept of the fallen woman and, specifically, its use in the 19th century Britain and the Victorian society. Moreover, it is going to explore how the English writers Augusta Webster and Christina Rossetti portrayed the figure of the fallen woman in their poems â€Å"A Castaway† and â€Å"Goblin Market†, the similarities and the differences between the two fallen women. According to Cambridge dictionary, a fallen woman is â€Å"a woman who has lost her good reputation by havingRead MoreThe Metaphysical And Victorian Concept Of Love Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Metaphysical and Victorian concept of love is as diverse as it can be particularly comparing the intense love shown in Porphyria s Lover by Robert Browning with the playful love in nature in To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell. Love has multiple definitions and it has so far remained among the most complex subject that require a single particular definition to define its meaning. Plato once said At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet and that s why may be we have so many diverseRead MoreJane Eyre And The Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde2029 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the height of the Victorian Era, in which the books Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, and the Importance of Being Earnest, by Oscar Wilde, it was not uncommon for more well-off households of the era t o have at least one Governess hired to help keep the younger residents educated and orderly, and to keep the servants of the manor abiding by the constructs in which the Victorian era set out for them as consistently as possible. Therefore, because the Governess was so prominent within the richRead MoreA Critical Note on New Historicism Essay2751 Words   |  12 PagesHellenic, means Greek, period of criticism. Plato’s Republic is looked upon as the first critical book in which he expresses the ideas regarding the literary and poetic process. It is then Aristotle who in real sense commenced the critical journey still potent and pervasive. His Poetics has proved an immortal foundation stone of criticism for the proceeding centuries, and it has caloured thoughts and talents of almost all the critics and theorists irrespective of language differences. The study of theRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost2313 Words   |  10 Pagesand experiences of Satan and the monster differ, their premises for revenge become similar as the monster realizes his contempt toward his position within society and desires to retaliate. While the revenge exemplified in Paradise Lost shares similarities with both Wuthering Heights and Frankenstein, the origins of the desire for revenge, as well as its function within each book, differ due to changing life and literary styles following the writing of Paradise Lost. While the roots of the revengeRead MoreMorality in Victorian and Neo-Victorian Novels Essay4239 Words   |  17 PagesMorality in Victorian and Neo-Victorian Novels An essay on Jane Eyre, The Mill on the Floss, The French Lieutenants Woman, Possession and The Dress Lodger The Victorian era is one bound to morality. Morality is also defined through the traditional and religious standards that structure the way of life for many Victorians. Morality is defined as the proper principles and standards, in respect to right and wrong, which are to be practiced by all humanity. Ideally, these include obtaining

The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka - 1465 Words

Mika Hulley Teacher’s Name Class Name 23 MayMay 23, 2016 The Metamorphosis Culmination In the book The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, there are many things that contribute to Gregor’s transformation into a monstrous insect that could have been prevented. One of the key contributors is that Gregor let himself take on the burden of caring for his family while they do seemingly nothing to help. In order to avoid all of the stress that is placed upon him, Gregor could have done a few things differently. The things he could have done to avoid his transformation are talking to his family about helping him with financing the household, taking time for a social life, and being involved in his father’s financial decisions. While Gregor has been at work for five years letting the family relax, he has taken on the weight of an entire family plus paying for services that could have easily been performed by his mother and sister. In order to relieve himself of all of this, Gregor should have asked his father for help. Th is might have been a good solution because his father used to own a business â€Å"which had collapsed five years previously† (Kafka 38) and has not worked since then. Because his father used to work and now sits in the house idle, it would not only be a good opportunity for Gregor, but also for his father as well, so that he could perhaps have more of a social life and be allowed to take pride in his work once again. Also, later on in the book, it is made clear that dueShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the individual. One’s ultimate goal in life is to successfully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtap osition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develop after birth or hatching. Involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt changes in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation. The author Franz Kafka, who relatively wrote little in his short life and who published less has been enormously influential on later writers. He is considered an export of German expressionism. The metamorphosis is Kafka’s longest story and oneRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The metamorphosis,† is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptance, and the death of the protagonist. There are many interpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the societ y that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the loneliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1246 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be hard to understand the meaning of the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† written by Franz Kafka, without thinking of the background. Due to the fact that, â€Å"using† and knowing â€Å"[the] background knowledge† of a story is important to read a â€Å"text† (Freebody and Luke). In the novella â€Å"The metamorphosis†, â€Å"Kafka’s personal history† has been â€Å"artfully [expressed]† (Classon 82). The novella was written in 1916, before the World War 1 in German {Research}. When the novella was written, in the EuropeRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1380 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of his youngerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka656 Words   |  3 PagesMuch of Franz Kafkas story â€Å"The Metamorphosis† spends its time talking about Gregor as he struggles to live his new life as a bug. Gregor tries to find a analytical reason as to why he has taken upon this form but later on finds on that he has to accept the truth. From being an ordinary travel salesman and provider for his family to a abomination, Gregor becomes hopeless as he cant work or provide for his family. His new life as an insect causes a hardship as he is faced with isolation from hisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka783 Words    |  4 Pages In the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, written by Franz Kafka, Gregor’s family represents the causing factor that prompts Gregor to become a cockroach. Gregor’s family is a symbol of a repressive structure that inhibits Gregor’s every thought and action. When Gregor gets up in the morning to get ready for work and finds that he has been transformed into a cockroach, he ponders about how maybe he should just go in to work late and get fired, but then realizes that he cannot because â€Å"if [he] were not holdingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a novella written by German author Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. The novella tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who one day awoke to discover he had transformed into an insect like monstrosity. Throughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as copin g with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1021 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, is a novella about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes everything to fulfilling the needs of his family. Kafka’s existentialist perspective on the meaning of life is illustrated through the use of the protagonist of Gregor Samsa. Existentialism is a philosophy â€Å"concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility† (Existentialism). Gregor is unable to fulfill the existentialist view of finding meaning in one’s life;Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1050 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka is an evocative story of a man transformed into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. It seems to focus on the dark transformation of the story’s protagonist, Gregor, but there is an equal and opposing transformation that happens within Gregor’s family. Although Gregor has physically changed at the beginning of the story, he remains relatively unchanged as the novella progresses. The family, on the other hand, is forced to drastically change how they support themselves

Coffee Descriptive Free Essays

Definition Essay Coffee Coffee is a dark brown/black naturally caffeinated drink made from passing water through ground roasted coffee beans. Coffee is used as a great medicine to help patients, and it can be taken as a popular drink all over the world. Caffeinated coffee drinks are largely consumed by people around the world regularly. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee Descriptive or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has become an internationally popular drink in almost every country. Coffee is so important to our daily lives that some people cannot live a day without drinking it. The word coffee was derived from the Ottoman Turkish kahve, via the Italian caffe. The Turkish word was derived from the Arabian word qahwah. Arab lexicographers report that qahawah originally referred to wine. Since this beverage was thought to dull one’s hunger the word, qaha which signifies â€Å"to have no appetite† was given to it. Other etymologies also indicate that the Arab form was a loanword from an Ethiopian source word Kaffe, which refers to the highland in the southwestern Ethiopia where the plant grows indigenous. However, the word that is used in that area is bunn, the native Shoa name bun meaning a native plant. Today coffee has different names all over the world, like caffe in French, Kaffee in Germany, kahvi in Finland etc. No matter what it is called, the Ethiopian people were the first to recognize the stimulating effect of the coffee beans that grow as a coffee plant. No one knows who among the natives earlier than 17th century grew coffee in Africa or used it as a stimulant. It is believed that a 9th century goat herder discovered coffee, but that his discovery was not revealed until 1671. Another story holds that Sheik Omar discovered the coffee. It is said that he was exiled from Mocha, Arab to a desert cave near Ousab, Arab. He was starving, so he chewed local berries, but found them bitter. To get a better taste, he roasted tem. But, they were too hard to eat. He then boiled them to soften the roasted beans, which resulted in a brown liquid with a strong fragrance. After drinking the liquid, he sustained himself on it for days. As this story reached Mocha, Omar was asked to return home. Coffee was brought from Ethiopia to Arab. Sufi Baba Budan smuggled coffee from Yeman to India. He smuggled beans by strapping them on to his chest. The first smuggled plant was grown at Mysore, India. Coffee drinking then spread to Europe and America. In the United States, September 29 is celebrated as National Coffee day. Coffee is grown in tropical grassland mixed with patches of forest at the altitude of 16-24 degrees. It is grown in different types of soil. But, it is especially grown in volcanic soil. Coffee is produced in a large quantity in rainy season. It is grown in a slope less than fifteen percent. It is not cultivated in a steeper slope because it presents major erosion risk and requires terracing and special management such as counter furrows. Coffee comes from topical African shrubs or trees of genus coffea, which is widely cultivated in the tropics. These beans picked at peak ripen, then dried, roasted and grounded to prepare a stimulating aromatic drink. Coffee is a brewed beverage with a distinct aroma and flavor. The beans are found in coffee â€Å"berries†, which grows on tree. Coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Coffee is slightly acidic (5. 0-5. 1 pH) and can have stimulating effect on humans because of its caffeine content. It is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. All the coffee plants are classified in the large family rubiaceae. Different species of coffee are cultivated all over the world, among which the two main commercially cultivated coffee plants are coffea canephora, mostly known as robusta, and coffea arabic, arabica, which is the most highly regarded species and which is the native of southwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Coffees are evergreen plants which may grow up to five meter tall. The flowers of coffee plants are auxiliary. Flowers bloom simultaneously and are followed by oval berries. The berries are green when immature; they ripen to yellow then red and black on drying on the bush. Black berries produce the best tasting coffee. The berries usually contain two seeds, but some contain only one. These coffee berries are called pea berries. They take five to nine month to ripen. The leaves of the coffee plant are dark green and glossy which has a spear shape. The leaves cannot be eaten. Coffee beans undergo several processes before they become roasted coffee. Coffee beans have traditionally been selectively picked by hand. After picking, the berries are processed in two methods – dry process method and wet process method. The other method, dry process, is also known as unwashed or natural method and it is the oldest method of processing coffee. After picking, the entire berries are placed on tables or in thin layer on patios in the sunny day to dry. The berries are dried to remove moisture present in it. The berries take ten days to dry completely. The berries need to be rotated regularly to prevent mildew while they dry. After the berries dry, the skin, pulp and parchment are removed from the bean. Then they are sorted and graded. The wet process is another processing method. This method is common among premium coffees. After picking green berries, they are sorted by immersion in water. The bad ones will float while the good ones will sink. The skin of the berry is removed by pressing the berries inside the water. Formation is used if machine is not used. The objective of the fermentation process is to dissolve any remaining fruit flesh and to remove the sticky film surrounding the coffee beans, which are not water soluble. The berries are fermented for twenty to forty-six hours during which the pulp will naturally fall off. The pulp is removed by breaking down the cellulose by fermenting the beans with microbes and then washing them with large amount of water. The berries without pulp are cleaned with water and then dried in a machine or the sun. In most cases they are dried in the sun to twelve to thirteen percent moisture content and bought down to ten percent by machine. Some coffee is dried on large raised tables where the coffee is turned by hand. This method increases cost. But, drying coffee this way has the advantage of allowing air to circulate better around the berries, helping to dry them more. After drying, the thin shell around the berries, called the parchment, is removed from the bean and green coffee bean is produced. The coffee berries have now been processed and are prepared to undergo roasting. Coffee is usually sold in a roasted state. The roasting process is a complex process because the beans should be roasted evenly and at a very high temperature. The actual roasting begins when the temperature inside the beans reaches two hundred degree Celsius. The roasting of the berries depends on the moisture and the density of the beans. During roasting, caramelization occurs as an intense heat breaks down the pulp. Caramelization is the browning of sugars; a process used extensively in cooking to create nutty flavor and brown color. Sucrose is rapidly lost during the roasting process and may disappear altogether. The aromatic oils and acids weaken, which changes the flavor. Oils start to develop. At two hundred degree Celsius, oil called caffeol is created. This oil is responsible for coffee’s aroma and flavor. Depending on the color of the roasted beans as observed by human eye, they will be labeled as light, medium light, medium, medium dark, dark or very dark. Discerning the degree of roast involves measuring the reflected the light from the roasted beans. Different roasts create different flavors. Coffee is used for various purposes such as plant food, insect repellant, dye, furniture scratch cover-up etc. But the main purpose of coffee is it is used as an energy source. For the human body the caffeine in the coffee causes faster neuron connections in our brains. This is useful for fast response situations, but not to recall memories. After drinking coffee regularly people get addicted to it and for going, drinking coffee will make unable to do anything. These people are caffeine addicts, and they become lethargic without caffeine. Coffee can cause a great health problem if it is consumed regularly. Coffee prepared using paper filters removes oily components called diterpenes that are present in unfiltered coffee. Two types of diterpenes are present in coffee: kahweol and cafestol, both of which have been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. The Harvard School of Public Health states that the overall balance of risks and benefits of coffee consumption are on the side of benefits. For example, men who drank six or more cups of coffee per day were found to have a twenty percent reduction in developing prostate cancer. Other studies suggest coffee consumption reduces the risk of being affected by Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, cirrhosis of the liver and gout. Drinking decaffeinated coffee is better than drinking caffeinated coffee. Decaffeinated coffee has ninety seven percent of the caffeine removed. Decaffeinated coffee increases resting metabolism rate and protects against diabetes. It decreases C-peptide levels, which are an indicator of insulin resistance. It also avoids rapid heart rate, upset stomach and sleep disturbance. There are different types of coffee beverages, such as Affogato, Baltimore, Black eye, Black tie and many others. The main types of coffee that are produced are coffee and Espresso. They are the same, but Espresso is roasted a bit darker and produces stronger drink than ground coffee. The beans are roasted until they are dark and oily-looking. The main differences between coffee and espresso are the fineness of the grind and the brewing time. The brewing time for espresso is much shorter and is made in an espresso machines that generate up to fifteen atmospheres of pressure to force hot water through the ground coffee. When the espresso is placed into a small basket; it is tightly packed with about 40lbs of pressure. Coffee is loose grinds deposited in to a basket and not packed at all. When the espresso liquid comes out, it is dark brown in color and slightly thick with a small amount of foam on top. The purpose of drinking coffee is to enjoy the flavor and the taste. Most of the people don’t drink coffee just to stay alert or awake. Most of the people end up buying decaffeinated coffee, to enjoy the coffee and to avoid all the side effect of caffeinated coffee. Sometime people also drink caffeinated coffee to boost themselves for different purposes like to be active, to stay alert and many others. There are plenty of issues for us to think about when deciding if we should drink coffee or not. Drinking it offers both risks and offers benefits to a human body. Coffee affects each person differently. We cannot deny that coffee does play an essential role in daily lives. However, over-consuming offee is harmful. But some people think that drinking coffee is beneficial because some research has shown that it helps to sure diseases. I think that drinking coffee was one of the best experiences that have ever happened because of its taste and its strong smell. Many people feel this way. Coffee has also helped countries to improve their economies. If people think that it is harmful to drink caffeinated coffee then they c an drink decaffeinated coffee and enjoy the same taste. Though coffee has a bitter taste it is one of the most pleasant, aromatic beverages ever made. How to cite Coffee Descriptive, Essays

Friendship Among Children free essay sample

Friendship among children Establishing friendships is an important developmental goal of early childhood. Friendships established during the preschool years create valuable contexts to learn and practice skills essential to children’s social, cognitive, communicative, and emotional development (Berndt amp; Keefe, 1992). Through interacting with friends, children learn the give and take of social behavior in general. They learn how to set up rules, how to weigh alternatives and make decisions when faced with dilemmas. They experience fear, anger, aggression and rejection (Hartup, amp; Stevens, 1999). Friendships also benefit children by creating a sense of belonging. Through friendships and belonging to a group, children improve their sense of self-esteem. The support of friends help children cope with troubling times and through transition times moving up to a new school, entering adolescence, dealing with family stresses, facing disappointments. In addition, successful friendships in early childhood contribute to children’s quality of life and are considered important to life adjustment. We will write a custom essay sample on Friendship Among Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Friendships are not just a luxury; they are a necessity for healthy psychological development. During the elementary school years children generally choose friends who are similar to themselves and who share their interests. At this age children become increasingly group-oriented; the most well-liked children are those who can manage social relations within a group and think of activities that are fun. Research shows that children with friends have a greater sense of well-being, better self-esteem and fewer social problems as adults than individuals without friends (Hartup amp; Stevens, 1999). On the other hand, children with friendship problems are more likely than other children to feel lonely, to be victimized by peers, to have problems adjusting to school, and to engage in deviant behaviors (Rose amp; Asher, 2000). Children who were completely isolated and had no friends would go into depression as they made their way through the teenage years. Belonging to a group, whether a sports team, school club, or a class project, they all provide a sense of belonging and is not just a means for exclusion. Between the ages of 10 to 12 cliques form; as children mature and rely less on their parents for guidance, they turn to their peers (Ladd, 1990). Groups become more single-gender; girls usually have more intimate and supportive relationships with their friends than boys do. Their play roups reflect this difference; boys tend to associate with peers in large groups centered on sports while girls are more likely to be involved in small groups and spend more time in personal conversation. Girls friendship groups are usually smaller and more exclusive than boys during childhood, and then in adolescence the situation reverses (Rose amp; Asher, 2000). Groups are a naturally occurring phenomenon. Some kids, who care about belonging to a certain group, suffer from feelings of rejection if they are not included and can become victims of   teasing and bullying. When cliques turn aggressive they may become gangs. Overall, the concepts of friendship and the behaviors associated with friendship change as children develop. It’s based largely on companionship. Learning how to behave socially with other kids and becoming part of a group helps the child build a strong connection between his friends. ‘ Work Cited * Berndt,TJ amp; Keefe, K (1992) Friends influence on adolescents perceptions of themselves in school. In DH Schunk amp; JL Meece (Eds. )  Student Perceptions in the Classroom  (pp. 1-73). Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum * Hartup, WW amp; Stevens, N (1999) Friendships and adaptation across the life span. Current directions in psychological science. 8, 3, 76-79. * Ladd, GW (1990) Having friends, keeping friends, making friends, and being liked by peers in the classroom: Predictors of childrens early school adjustment? Child Development, 67,1081-1100. * Rose, AJ amp; Asher, SR. (2000) Childrens friendships. In  Close Relationships: A Sourcebook  . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Charles Lindenburgh Essays - Charles Lindbergh,

Charles Lindenburgh Charles Lindbergh One of the greatest heroes the world has ever known Charles Augustus Lindbergh. He is most famous for his transatlantic flight from New York to Paris. Lindbergh acquired great fame for doing ?good will? tours in Latin America. Other than politicians and war heroes no one has yet quite matched his fame. He was a genus when it came to aviation and mechanics. He advised the making and design of several planes from ones made of wood and wire to supersonic jets. He helped several countries and airlines by giving them advise on their air fleets. He wrote several documents of his journeys and of his life. Charles Lindbergh entered this world on February 4, 1902 in Detroit, Michigan. He grew up in Rapid Falls, Minnesota on a family farm. His father's name was Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Sr. He was a lawyer and a congressman for the state of Minnesota between the years of 1907 and 1917. His mother's name was Evangeling Land Lodge. As a child Lindbergh showed that he had a great deal of mechan ical ability. When he was eighteen years old he began attending the University of Wisconsin. While at Wisconsin he majored in mechanical engineering. During his time at the university he paid more attention to the growing field of avaion than he did to his studies. In 1924 Charles Lindbergh enlisted in the United States Army so he could begin studying on how to be a fighter pilot. One year later he graduated from the Army flight training school that was held on both Brook's field and Kelly's field. He graduated as the number one pilot in his class. After that he bought his own airplane and for the next six years of his life he spent flying an airplane for Robertson Aircraft Corporation. The planes filled with mail he flew from St. Louis, Missouri to Chicago, Illinois. During this time he was also a barnstormer which is a stunt pilot that does stunts over fairs and other public gatherings. During this time he received a reputation of not only being a cautions pilot but a quite capabl e pilot as well. A New York City hotel owner named Raymond Orteig started the Orteig Prize. The Orteig Prize was a twenty five thousand dollars for the first man to fly across the Atlantic Ocean solo and without stopping in between. Many pilots were injured or even killed trying to win the Orteig Prize. Raymond Orteig started the competition in 1919 and Charles Lindbergh had begun to take interest in it in the year 1926. In 1927 when somebody had yet to win the Orteig Prize Lindbergh found nine St. Louis businessmen to sponsor him because he thought with the right plane he would have no problem flying across the Atlantic Ocean. The businessmen began to promote the flight. That right plane was known as the ?Sprit of St. Louis?. Ryan Aircraft Company in San Diego built the ?Sprit of St. Louis?. He gave the ?Spirit of St. Louis? a test drive from San Diego, California to New York, New York making one stop in St. Louis. That flight took twenty hours and twenty-one minutes setting a new transcontinieal record. Charles Lindbergh started his transatlantic flight in Roosevelt Field on Long Island; the time was seven fifty two a.m. He flew from Roosevelt Field to Le Bourget Airport in Paris. He landed at ten twenty two P.M. on May 21. It took him thirty-three and half-hours to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. He traveled three thousand six hundred miles until he finally reached Paris. At the airport one hundred thousand people gathered after hearing that he was sighted flying over Ireland. A few days later he flew to Croydon Airport in London. It was dark when he landed and there were not many people there to witness the landing. As a result of having few people there, there were no photographs taken. When he returned to America there were several photographers waiting to get a picture of him. The press began to give him nicknames such as ?Lucky Lindy? and the ?Lone Eagle?. The world instantly made him a hero and an international celebrity. Lindbergh was

Biography of Thomas Cole, American Landscape Painter

Biography of Thomas Cole, American Landscape Painter Thomas Cole was the British-born artist who became known for his paintings of American landscapes. He is considered the founder of the Hudson River School of painting, and his influence on other 19th century American painters was profound. Cole’s paintings, and paintings by those he taught, are known to have influenced attitudes toward American expansionism during the 19th century. The glorification of the land and the panoramic views encouraged optimism toward settling the vast lands of the West. Cole, however, had a pessimistic streak which is sometimes indicated in his paintings. Fast Facts: Thomas Cole Known For: Founder of Hudson River School of painters, admired for his majestic landscapes of distinctly American sceneryMovement: Hudson River School (American romantic landscape painting)Born: Bolton-le-Moors, Lancaster, England, 1801Died: February 11, 1848 in Catskill, New YorkParents: Mary and James ColeSpouse: Maria Bartow Early Life and Career Thomas Cole was born in Bolton-le-Moors, Lancaster, England, in 1801. He studied engraving briefly in England before emigrating to America with his family in 1818. The family arrived in Philadelphia and resettled in Steubenville, Ohio, where Coles father established a wallpaper engraving business. After becoming frustrated working in the family business, Cole taught art in a school for a brief period. He also received some painting instruction from a traveling artist, and tried striking out on his own as an itinerant portrait painter. Portrait of Thomas Cole, American painter. Smithsonian Institution / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain Cole realized he needed to be in a city with many potential patrons, and returned to Philadelphia, where he painted portraits and also found work decorating ceramics. He took classes at the Philadelphia Academy and, in 1824, had his first exhibition, which was held at the school. In 1825 Cole moved to New York City, where he began to focus on romantic landscapes, the beautifully lit panoramas that would become his enduring style. After taking a trip up the Hudson River, he painted three landscapes, which were displayed in the window of a Manhattan art store. One of the paintings was purchased by artist John Trumbull, who was widely known for his paintings of the American Revolution. Trumbull recommended that two of his artist friends, William Dunlap and Asher B. Durand, purchase the other two. Trumbull appreciated that Cole had been inspired by the wildness of American scenery, which other artists had seemed to ignore. On Trumbulls recommendation, Cole was welcomed into New York Citys cultural world, where he became acquainted with luminaries such as poet and editor William Cullen Bryant and author James Fenimore Cooper. Travels and Inspiration The success of Cole’s early landscapes established him so he could devote himself to painting full-time. He began to travel in the mountains of New York State and New England after purchasing a house in Catskill, New York. Photograph of Catskill Mountain House, a painting by American landscape artist Thomas Cole. Francis G. Mayer  / Getty Images In 1829 Cole sailed to England on a trip financed by a wealthy patron. He made what was known as the Grand Tour, visiting Paris, and then Italy. He stayed for weeks in Florence before going on to Rome, hiking much of the way. He eventually returned to New York City in 1832, having seen major works of art in Europe and having sketched scenery that would be used as material for landscapes. In 1836 Cole married Maria Barton, whose family lived in Catskill. He settled into a fairly comfortable life as a successful artist. The self-made gentry of the region admired his work and purchased his paintings. Major Works A patron commissioned Cole to paint five panels which would be known as The Course of Empires. The series of canvases essentially predicted what would become known as Manifest Destiny. The images depict an allegorical empire, and proceed from Savage State to Arcadian or Pastoral State. The empire reaches its zenith with the third painting, The Consummation of Empire, and then descends to the fourth painting, Destruction. The series ends with the fifth painting, titled Desolation. Thomas Coles The Course of Empire - Consummation, 1836, oil on canvas, 51 Ãâ€" 76 in, New York Historical Society.   Fine Art / Getty Images During the 1830s, as Cole was painting his Course of Empires series, he was harboring gravely pessimistic thoughts about America, lamenting in his journal that he feared the end of democracy. One of his major paintings, dating from 1836, is titled View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm - The Oxbow. In the painting, a pastoral area is shown along with a portion of untamed wilderness. On close examination, the artist himself can be found in the middle foreground, on a promontory, painting the Oxbow, a bend in the river. In his own painting, Cole looks out over the tamed and orderly land, yet he is located in the wild land which is still darkened from the passing storm. He shows himself in communion with untamed American land, perhaps purposely keeping a distance from the land which has been transformed by human society. View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, After a Thunderstorm The Oxbow.   Getty Images Legacy Interpretations of Coles work have varied over time. On the surface, his works are generally appreciated for their majestic scenes and striking use of light. Yet there are often darker elements present, and many paintings have dark areas which seem to raise questions about the artists intent. Coles paintings show a profound reverence for nature, which can appear idyllic or wild and violent within the boundaries of the same canvas. While still a very active artist, Cole became ill with pleurisy. He died on February 11, 1848. His influence on other American painters was profound. Sources Thomas Cole. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Gale, 2004, pp. 151-152. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Hudson River School of Painting. American Eras, vol. 5: The Reform Era and Eastern U. S. Development, 1815-1850, Gale, 1997, pp. 38-40. Gale Virtual Reference Library.The Hudson River School and Western Expansion. American Eras, vol. 6: Westward Expansion, 1800-1860, Gale, 1997, pp. 53-54. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Analysis of a work of art with a contemporary advertisement Essay

Analysis of a work of art with a contemporary advertisement - Essay Example Initially, these pieces had been applied to communicate on the ethical values or offer a reflection required within the society. Art has been evolved to represent ideology based on selling an idea to a market. This provision has been included in advertising with the created pieces holding powerful visual messages to the consumer. Art styles are applied in advertising, in the contemporary society, to highlight the message under consideration to give a piece meaning. With advertising, the key method applied to sell brand identity, and product description, art has emerged as a powerful communication tool within the contemporary society. An added provision within the art has been the application of advanced mediums to strengthen the image quality and buffer message reliance. The modern technology has produced advanced paints and mediums to be included in advertising that relate to the artistic style that had been developed. Pop art has been adversely used in advertising since the inventi on in Britain in the year 1955. Pop art was a movement of art that found the origin in Britain in the 1950s and the trend spread to the US who modifies the definition of style, to fit the pieces that had been established (Gibbons 53). Pop artists challenged the principal conception of the known artistic movements to present ideologies that would popularize a piece. The style incorporated existing forms and to those created in the artist’s mind to give the shape of the layout. The style developed on the movement known as abstract expressionism to explore the provision issued by the artist. The style is characterized with the provision that is accorded in utilizing a combination of shapes and images with found material incorporated within a piece. This provision has linked the movement to Dadaism utilizing highly expressive images. The style behind the creation of a pop artwork involves the application of famous images

Exam3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam3 - Assignment Example This is followed by the table of content that gives a listing of the key sections of the document. This is then followed by an executive summary, which in most cases, is written last after the whole document has been prepared. It usually helps refine and polish the key message of the writing. This is then followed by body the document’s body, which is usually an in-depth explanation of a writer’s ideas. Coming last is the conclusion that provides a summary of the key ideas presented in the body paragraphs. This process involves a preparation that often involves establishing the purpose of the document, assessing the audience, determining the scope of writing as well as selecting the appropriate medium of conveying the message. Research and literature review then follows where the writer seeks to understand the work before he conveys it. Organization follows, and this is where the writer considers options of how best to convey his message and what to convey in his message. The writer then writes a draft where he expands the outline into paragraphs not worrying about the grammar. The final phase is the revision phase where he checks for completeness and accuracy, spelling checks, review mechanics as well as acronyms and abbreviations. Being capable of preparing and delivering a public presentation has more advantages over giving a spontaneous one. It has the advantage of knowing who your audience is, which helps the speaker establish issues of importance such as how many they are, what they already know to avoid duplication of information, why they are there, what they think, and who they really are. It also gives the speaker the advantage of knowing when the occasion will be occurring, the exact timing of the occasion, as well as the duration it will take. In addition, it also enables the speaker to carry out a reconnaissance of the presentation venue

Feasibility Report on Employment Research Paper

Feasibility Report on Employment - Research Paper Example A list is shown below for these two recommended sources in correct MLA style format: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook. 2010-11 Edition. Web. 22 Jan. 2011. . Malandro, Loretta. â€Å"Discover your Leadership Blind Spots.† Bloomberg-Businessweek Online. 01 Sept. 2009. Web. 21 Jan. 2011. . Step 5 (Answering the Research Questions): A. What are the job responsibilities of a management executive in the oil and gas industry? The responsibilities of management executives are much broader than an engineer's as they now have to deal with a variety of problems. Managers also need to take a broader and longer perspective of the business compared to the narrower scope of the engineer's job. For example, management executives not only need to know management theories but also those in finance, production, marketing, sales, promotions and even public or community relations. B. Are there opportunities for professional growth within this fie ld of expertise? Big multinational companies are in the oil exploration industry and they spend a lot on hiring the best executives they can find and pamper them with generous perks and bonuses. In addition, countries like India and China which are rapidly industrializing their economies are in a mad search for new oil sources like those in Africa, Latin America and Central Europe. C. How vulnerable is the industry to external global economic factors like recessions? Although the oil... Feasibility Report on Employment The action I am contemplating or proposing to do will be an upward movement in the corporate ladder. I am exploring various opportunities that will leverage technical expertise to a higher level or rank within the firm I am working with right now and see whether I qualify. In my industry, there is a strong professional career progression with corresponding financial increases in remuneration, perks, benefits and fringe packages (like travel, vacations, medical and health insurance plans, education, etc.) and it is certainly worth exploring this probability. This report tries to examine and assess the expected changes based on the following criteria as bases: educational attainment, work experience, demand and availability of this job, preponderance and types of employers, the nature of the working environment, location of the jobs available, salary ranges and fringe benefit packages offered to management executives. For my employment research feasibility study report, I utilized the two recommended sources which are the Web site of the government's Bureau of Labor Standards where I looked specifically at the site's Occupational Outlook Handbook for most of the information used in this paper and the second source is a related on-line article entitled â€Å"Discover your Leadership Blind Spots† by Ms. Loretta Malandro, PhD from the digital version of Business Week. Both sources are inter-related and highly relevant to the report I am doing on career prospects.

Appropriate Responses to Prisoner Hunger Strike

Appropriate Responses to Prisoner Hunger Strike Imprisonment and Human Rights Discuss the appropriate response to a prisoner who goes on hunger strike. Is it ever justified to force feed a prisoner who refuses to eat? Hunger strike is a dilemma for prison authorities. It is like two sides of a coin, they have to make a choice, to save the life of the prisoners or to let them die. Prisoners hunger strike has been conducted for years in many parts of the world aimed to reach certain goals, solidarity, political struggle and to express opinions. States have the responsibilities to maintain prison security while at the same time preserving the health and well-being of prisoners on hunger strike. The relevant legal framework on state responsibility in the issue of hunger strike and force feeding is the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 2 on the Right to Life and Article 3 prohibition of torture, and for the United Kingdom Human Rights Act 1998 under the same articles. Other related provision would be Article 8 on the right to private life (ECHR). The duty of the prison authorities to preserve prisoners health and life, including conducting force administering food best described in  Leigh v Gladstone  (1909). During that period of time the Home Secretary had the obligation and the power to prevent prison suicide including force-feeding prisoners who went on hunger strike. Suicide, abetting and aiding of suicide was considered a criminal act. Lord Alverstone CJ states that it was the duty of prison officials to preserve the health of prisoners in their custody and that duty extended to force feeding In this case Article 2 prevails under the condition that suicide is an act of crime. In the case of R. , S. , A. and C v. Portugal, the European Commission on Human Rights found that it was certainly disturbing that such along time could have elapsed without the applicants being put under medical supervision There is a fine line to distinguish hunger strike from suicide, and it is not an easy task. Most philosophers argue that suicide can be accomplished by passive means, such as refusal to eat As hunger strike could lead to the possibility of death, it is still a question whether it is an act of suicide or merely an exercise of right of self determination. John Williamss hunger strike categorizations may give a clear description on the motive and the type of hunger striker. However, he also realizes that placing a prisoner within one of the categories is difficult particularly in analysing the situation when death is a possibility, although not an objective and death is the desired objective. Thus Annas observes that the courts have concluded that a refusal of treatment that inevitably leads to death is not a suicide. The most important example is the 1981 Irish hunger strike where it was carried out to achieve certain objectives and realizing that the result could lead to death. It was clear that the objective of the Irish hunger strikers was to get the political status which they desire, and the primary motive is not suicide. Dolores Dooley-Clarke pointed out an interesting question, if death resulted from prisoner political protest, could it be a suicide or murder? She elaborates that none of the above fits hunger strike categorisation. In the case of Irish hunger strike and other similar prisoner political protest, Dolores Dooley-Clarke suggests that the capacity to plan a hunger strike and state ones intention (†¦) is not characteristics of all suicide attempts-some suicides depend on impulse or diminished awareness of the full implications of the act. Thus, many psychiatrists support the statement that suicide does not fits to the categorisation of hunger strike. Robert Daly, professor of psychiatry at University College, Cork, believes that nothing is achieved or clarified by simply equating hunger strikers with attempted suicides related to schizophrenia or chronic drug addiction. In line with the above statement, British Medical Association states that a hunger strike lead to death cannot be regarded as suicide. Thus, it is tricky to implement the correct treatment to the prisoner who goes on hunger strike where motive could be deceitful. As Annas elaborates, motivation is the most crucial distinction between patients who refuse treatment and prisoners who refuse to eat. Because the latter generally seek either to manipulate the prison system for their own benefit or to commit suicide. If the motive is solely to die due to there is no other alternative method of suicide other than starving himself to death, than the suicidal motive is clear. If that is the case, the prison authorities have the power to intervene and save ones life. This responsibility to prevent prisoner suicides was considered by the House of Lords, in the words of Lord Hope: The duty of those who are entrusted with his custody is to take reasonable care for his safety while he remains in their hands. If it is known that he may engage in self mutilation or suicide while he is in their custody, their duty is to take reasonable care to prevent him from engaging in these acts so that he remains free from harm until he is set at liberty. This duty is owed to the prisoner if there is at risk, irrespective of whether he is mentally disordered or of sound mind. It arises simply from the act that he is being detained by them in custody and is known to be at risk of engaging in self-mutilation or of committing suicide. However, it became a complicated issue since most of hunger strikers have a specific objective, to protest or to change policy and demand their request to be heard or fulfilled by the competent authorities. Prison authorities rely on doctor or medical officer to decide whether the prisoners should be fed artificially, on the other hand, doctors have certain medical ethics not to force-feed them and must respect prisoners autonomy and right to accept or refuse medical care. World Medical Association Malta Declaration declared that force-feeding is a form of inhuman and degrading treatment. Article 5 of the 1975 World Medical Association Tokyo Declaration states that doctors must not undertake force-feeding under any circumstances: Where a prisoner refuses nourishment and is considered by the physician as capable of forming an unimpaired and rational judgment concerning the consequences of such a voluntary refusal of nourishment, he or she shall not be fed artificially. The decision as to the capacity of the prisoner to form such a judgment should be confirmed by at least one other independent physician. The consequences of the refusal of nourishment shall be explained by the physician to the prisoner. Prisoners right to be informed on the risk that may cause from such treatment is protected by Article 8 ECHR. Force-feeding likely to be seen as inhuman degrading and amount to torture due to the painful method carried out in its procedures. During the Greek civil war force-feeding caused horror and led the prisoners to stop the hunger strike, not only it is terrifying but it could also result to death. In recent case, the horrific image of force-feeding again could be seen on the hunger striker prisoners in Guantanamo Bay. As Lawrence Altman stated, force-feeding is likely to involve dragging the prisoners to the site of feeding, and using physical restraints to present the removal of the feeding tube. Placing the tube may also be tricky and could result in fatal complications should it enter the trachea Taking into account the high stakes place into the shoulder of the medical officer, their ethical integrity must also be protected. The relation between prisoner hunger striker patient and the medical authorities thus become complicated. State has the obligations to preserve ones life and to prevent suicide, and at the same time to respect absolute right of freedom from torture. In the case of  Nevmerzhitsky v Ukraine, it was held that there had been a violation to Article 3 of ECHR, the force feeding of the applicant, without any medical justification (†¦. ), constituted treatment of such a severe character warranting the characterizations of torture. The medical necessity of force-feeding emphasized in this case. Looking into the judgement, it seems that force-feeding indeed can be justified in certain way. The term medical necessity amounted to a way for the prison authorities to place the burden on the medical officers to make the decision. This could be portrayed in the response of Home Secretary, Roy Jenkins (1975) in the case of force-feeding against Ian Brady: The responsible medical officer has decided, on the basis of his professional judgment that Ian Brady should be fed artificially. (†¦) I could not interpose myself between the clinical judgment of a doctor and his patient. The court found that there has been no violation to Article 3 of ECHR in the case of  A v Germany. In  A v Germany, the commission underlined that force-feeding is even obligatory if an obvious danger for the individuals life exist. Given the obligations of states parties to secure the right to life under Article 2 of ECHR, the commission justified the act of force-feeding. Personal mentality of the hunger striker thus become a focal point for doctors and physician to determine whether the person has the mental capability to make his own judgment and decision to hopefully end his actions in a reasonable time. In  Herczegfalvy v Austria, force feeding of a prisoner was justified on the basis of therapeutic and medical necessity. Mr Herczegfalvy was diagnosed suffering from paranoia  querulans, in the view of medical judgement he was incapable to make the decision for himself. Regardless his refusal to consent any medical treatment and examination that would be conducted upon him, the court on the above circumstances found no violations to Article 3 of ECHR against force administering food. Article 3 on prohibition on torture and Article 2 on the right to life (ECHR) conflicted with one another in this matter. In the case of hunger strike, medical treatment plays a key role, it has dilemmas when the treatment contrary to the patients wish, no consent given from the patient, and how far is such treatment could be amounted to violate one person dignity thus subject to inhuman, degrading treatment, and torture. Doctors have freedom to engage clinical judgment to its patients, however as Dolores pointed out, it becomes a dilemma as the freedom of clinical judgment is a two-edged sword: the ethical beliefs of the doctor may conflict with a prisoners patient expressed wishes not to be treated. Prison authorities and medical officers must in any way approach the hunger striker and inform them on the risk for pursuing hunger strike or the risk on force-feeding, here the right to respect the private life (Article 8) should be clearly engaged in situations concerning disclosure of information that will enable individuals to make decisions that may have an impact on their health. In 1981 Irish hunger strike, the British Government decided not to force-feed the hunger striker. Margaret Thatcher refused to give any concessions and stated We are not prepared to consider special category status for certain groups of people serving sentences for crime. Crime is crime is crime, it is not political. 10 hunger strikers died to defend their five demands. In  Robb v Secretary of State for the Home Department, the wish of the hunger striker, who had a sound of mind and the capacity to understand the risk and the consequences of his decisions, to refuse the medical treatment should be respected. J Thorpe stated: The first principle is that every persons body is inviolate and proof against any form of physical molestation. (†¦) Secondly, the principle of self-determination requires that respect must be given to the wishes of the patient. So that if an adult of sound mind refuses, however unreasonably, to consent to treatment or care by which his life would or might be prolonged the doctors responsible for his care must give effect to his wishes even though they do not consider it to be in his interest to do so. In contras to  Leigh v Gladstone  (1909) case, in  Robb  case the secretary of state was granted the declarations that medical and prison staff could lawfully abstain from their responsibility from taking force artificial food or prolonging the life of the patient in the basis of the patients refusal to the medical treatment. Here, Andrew Grubb suggested that in view of the above resulted to the decision in  Robb  case that theres no obligation for the prison authorities to intervene. State has the interest in preventing suicide and preservation of life. In  Airedale NHS Trust v Bland  refusal of a medical treatment is not a suicide or aiding a suicide. Sir Thomas Bingham M.R pointed out when the patient was adult and of sound mind, a doctor discontinues artificial feeding after three years and the patient dies. Has the doctor aided and abetted suicide? I think the answer plainly is that he has not. In  Re:W, the prisoner patient concern with a sound mind has the mental capacity to make decisions on his behalf and therefore his refusal to medical treatment will be respected even if it would lead to his death. As elaborated in the above cases, it was found that the right of an individual to refuse treatment strongly outweighs the interest in the preservation of life. Similar to the above cases, in the United States, Supreme Court of California in the case of  Thor v Superior Court  held that a competent patient (prisoner) has the right to accept or to refuse medical treatment even at the risk of death. Here, the right to exercise self-determination prevails in a condition of a competent patient. In R. v.Collins and Ashworth Hospital Authority ex p. Brady, Brady argues that the force-feeding was unlawful taking into account that he is mentally competent. As mentioned on the above case laws, a competent prisoner cannot lawfully be force-fed. However, in Bradys case, the hospital experts observation on his mental incapacity justified the lawfulness of the force-feeding conducted upon him. Personal motivation, mental capacity, and the consent of the prisoner hunger strikers is the main points that would be taking into account for the prison authorities and the medical staff to make their decision. Force-feeding of the prisoner who goes on hunger strike should be carried out in accordance to the points above. Motivation and sound of mind of the hunger striker determine the objective of such actions to differentiate it from suicide. As in  Robb  case, the prison authorities and medical staff are avoid from unlawful act for being abstain of conducting a medical treatment in the basis of refusal of prisoner with a sound mind. While in  Bradys case, force-feeding was conducted in concern of the prisoners motivation to commit suicide by starving himself to death. In regards to the patients with a sound of mind, the right of self determination prevails, and therefore to administer food in force is not justified. However, in certain cases such as Bradys, force-feeding is justified in the basis of preserving ones life. In view of prohibition of torture, it is clear that force-feeding is so horrific thus lead to inhuman and degrading treatment, therefore prison authorities and medical officers should inform the hunger striker patients on the risk of such action. Article 2 on the right to life would only prevails Article 3 on prohibition of torture if theres a definite reason on the basis of medical necessity and the inability of the patients to make a decision for them. In regards of cases where death is the primary objective, such as  Bradys, preserving ones life comes first before self determination. The prisoners right to refuse any medical treatment or force-feeding should be respected, nevertheless it should be noted that medical necessity and mental incapacity would play a key role on making the decision to outweigh that right. Bibliography Gudmundur Alfredson and Katarina TomaÃ… ¡evski (eds),  A Thematic Guide To Documents on Health and Human Rights  (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers) (1998) Human Rights Watch, Prison Conditions in the Soviet Union: A Report of Facilities in Russia and Azerbaidzhan (New York: Human Rights Watch) (1991) Kieran McEvoy, Paramilitary Imprisonment in Northern Ireland: Resistance, Management, and Release (New York: Oxford University Press) (2004) Human Rights Watch, Africa Watch Prison Project,  Prison Conditions in South Africa  (New York: Human Rights Watch) (1994) Fran Lisa Buntman,  Robben Island and Prisoner Resistance to Apartheid  (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (2003) John Wadham, Helen Mountfield, and Anna Edmundson,  Blackstones Guide to The Human Rights Act 1998  (Oxford: Oxford University Press) (2003), p. 49. Barbara Harvey and John Marston,  Cases and Commentary on Tort (4th  Edition)  (Essex: Pearson Education Limited) (2000) European Convention on Human Rights and its Five Protocols, available at http://www.hri.org/docs/ECHR50.html#C.Art8 As cited in  R v Secretary of State for the Home Department v Robb  [1995] 1 All ER 677, available at http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/results/pubTreeViewDoc.do?nodeId=TAANAAEACEpubTreeWidth=23% Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in cooperation with the International Bar Association,  Professional Training Series No, 9 Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers(New York: United Nations Publications) (2003), p. 345 Norman L. Cantor George C. Thomas,  The Legal Bounds of Physician Conduct Hastening Death in the USA, in Yoram Distein (eds), Israel Yearbook on Human Rights (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers) (2000) John Williams, Hunger-Strikes: A Prisoners Right or a Wicked Folly,  The Howard Journal  vol. 40 no. 3 (2001) George J. Annas, Law and the Life Sciences: Prison Hunger Strikes: Why the Motive Matters,  The Hastings Center Report  vol.12 no. 6 (1982), p.21-22. Dolores Dooley-Clarke, Medical Ethics and Political Protest,  The Hastings Centre Report  vol. 11 no.6 (1981) British Medical Association, Medicine Betrayed: The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses (London: Zed Books) (1998) George J. Annas, Loc. cit British Medical Association, Loc. cit World Medical Association Declaration on Hunger Strikes (1991) (1992) (2006), Article 21, available at http://www.wma.net/e/policy/h31.htm The World Medical Association Declaration of Tokyo, Guidelines for Physicians Concerning Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in Relation to Detention and Imprisonment (1975), Article 5, available at http://www.wma.net/e/policy/c18.htm Polymeris Voglis,  Becoming a Subject: Political Prisoners during the Greek Civil War  (New York: Berghahn Books) (2002), p. 193. David Rose,  Scandal of force-fed prisoners,  The Observer, January 8, 2006, available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jan/08/usa.guantanamo Lawrence Altman as cited by George J. Annas, Law and the Life Sciences: Prison Hunger Strikes: Why the Motive Matters,  The Hastings Center Report  vol.12 no. 6 (1982), p.22 Nevmerzhitsky v Ukraine  , available at >http://www.westlaw.co.uk Jenkins, as cited by John Williams, op. cit, p.285  A v Germany,  available at http://www.westlaw.co.uk Ibid. Herczegfalvy v Austria,  available at http://www.westlaw.co.uk Dolores Dooley Clarke, op. cit, p.7 Jane Wright,  Tort Law and Human Rights  (Oregon: Hart Publishing) (2001), p. 66 http://www.inac.org R v Secretary of State for the Home Department v Robb  , op. cit Ibid. see http://medlaw.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/3/2/189.pdf As cited in Rosamund Scott,  Rights, Duties and the Body: Law and Ethics of the Maternal-Fetal Conflict  (Portland Oregon: Hart Publishing) (2002), p. 136

An Argument Against Abortion Essay -- essays research papers fc

An Argument Against Abortion Abortion is a serious topic that people have been debating about for years. Everywhere you turn the topic of abortion presents itself, on TV, in the newspapers, in books and magazines. It already has, and will continue to cause, controversy for years to come. As long as abortion remains legal, pro-life advocates will continue to protest what they believe to be these horrible acts of murder. Dating all the way back to the 1800’s, abortions have been taking place all over the world. In the US abortion laws were created around 1820 stating that women would not have abortions after already being pregnant for four months. Then by 1900 most abortions were outlawed. It wasn’t until 1956 that all fifty states had banned abortion with certain exceptions varying by state. Abortions were performed in the case of rape or incest in order to save the life of the mother, or if the fetus was deformed. It was then that back alley abortions started becoming very popular. Women were finding any way possible to be rid of babies they didn’t want.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It wasn’t until later years in the case of Roe vs. Wade that abortion was again allowed. The Supreme Court in 1973, in the case of Roe v. Wade, declared most existing state abortion laws unconstitutional. This decision ruled out any legislative interference in the first trimester of pregnancy and put limits on what restrictions could be passed on abortions in later stages of pregnancy(Rand ). While most celebrated this new decision, others, like those in the Roman Catholic Church for example, opposed the change. It was then that the terms â€Å"Pro-Life† and â€Å"Pro-Choice† were coined as the two movement names: Pro-Life in favor of outlawing most abortions, while pro-choice in favor of it being the woman’s right to choose. Pro-choice advocates usually use the argument of â€Å"a women’s right to choose†. But does that mean women have the right to choose murder, because that is what she would be doing if the fetus were a person. Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been argued about for many years. Abortion is the process that takes the lives of unborn babies that could very well have a long and prosperous life. How do we know every time we perform an abortion that we aren’t taking the life of the person who would one day grow up and find the cure for AIDS, or become president? Every huma... ...y to defend themselves against it. The longer we keep abortion legal, the more and more innocent lives will be taken by people who are probably just cleaning up after a irresponsible mistake. If we made abortion illegal again, people would start to become more careful in their sexual acts because if they don’t they will have a baby to live with and raise. When discussing abortion, we should keep the women’s health as a major concern. Although abortion is a safe process, it does cause long-term damage to a woman’s body. Present day, birth control is so cheap that there is no reason that sexually active couples should not be able to afford and put it to use. If a woman becomes pregnant, and she doesn’t want the child, her other option besides getting an abortion is adoption. In the US there is such a large amount of people looking to adopt, that a home can easily be found for a new born infant. Bibliography Shanahan, Kelly . M.d. Risks of Repeated Abortions. iVillage Inc. 1995-2004 http://www.ivillagehealth.com/experts/womens/qas/0%2C%2C258053_732%2C00.html Rand, Ayn. Abortion is Pro-Life. Copyright 1998 – 2003 http://www.abortionisprolife.com/essays.htm

World Bank

Reform internal Goverance A. Introduction: â€Å"The World Bank has undergone significant change in its purpose and membership since its inception in 1944† (world bank, 2003). As a result, there are many people criticize regarding its current governance and accountability. They are discussed that bank’s governance system is undemocratic, largely because borrowing countries that are impacted the most by bank projects have minimal voice in bank’s decisions about loan and projects and the selection of the bank president is unilateral. The World Bank also lack of transparency in its decision making.And then, critics argue the bank’s members are unaccountable. â€Å"In April 2010, Management presented a set of operational and institutional reforms aimed to enhance the overall effectiveness, efficiency, legitimacy, and accountability of the WBG† (WB, 2010). Some of these reform areas have direct implications on the governance of the institution, from the perspective of Board / Management relations, institutional accountability, and relations with external stakeholders. AS a result the Bank uses the methods to solve the current problems, such as reforming the voting system and presidential selection and makes the bank’s accountability.B. Governance: â€Å"Since the World Bank was established over 60 years ago, its role in supporting economic and social development has expanded and deepened with changes in the global context and the evolution in the financial architecture†(Jeff, 2007). The focus on strengthening internal governance systems and structures is driven by external and internal forces. There is little of bank basic structure has been altered, even though the World Bank’s members have been changed considerably.The main problem of the World Bank’s governance is that developing country has weak link with bank’s decision making process, because they do not have their own executive director. â €Å"The World Bank’s internal governance mechanisms reflect the political and power relation which dominated World Bank’s politics in the decades following World War II. The five large shareholders in the Bank is the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France which maintain more than two-thirds of the voting power, effectively ensuring that decision reflect the policy views of America and western Europe†(Leech, D. 2003)). Developing countries influence on the Board of Executive Directors is limited. â€Å"The remaining 16 Board seats are split among 177† (Leech, D. (2003), this has the consist with large number of individual countries. People suggest two ways: one is reforming current voting system, and another is selecting the bank’s president. 1. Reforming voting system: Many people argue the bank’s current voting system. When the executive board makes decision about loan or other policies, voting is not based on one vot e per country rule. Voting power is weighted and is based on a country’s quota†(Leech, D. (2003). Under the current quota, â€Å"each country has base of 150 votes, the country which has good economic can add votes, it means one additional vote for each share of stock held by that country, which depend on that country’s relative economic and financial strength†(Daniel Kalinaki, 2002). For example, United State is a large shareholder, and it holds 16. 4% votes (see table below). Member of the country that holds large shares has more power than the poor country during decision making process.Unfortunately, the developing countries need more loans, but they have the least amount of voting power to make loan decision. The quota system dictates that a handful of developed countries hold a majority of shares, these members are able to dominate the bank’s decision making process. Table: Voting Weights and Voting Powers in the Governors Member countries hav e suggested proposal for reforming the voting system to Increase representation of the borrowing countries. Double majority voting is one reform that may enhance developing countries’ participation. Under this system, decision would require to pass by two majorities that are majority of shareholder votes and majority of developing countries votes†(World Bank Group, 2003). This would give developing countries more opportunities to say what they want to say, because decision would not pass without support with a majority. And this system also allows the industrialized donor countries and the developing recipient countries to assert their claims. 2. Selection of the World Bank President The selection of president is another argument relating to bank governance. The board of governors selects the president for a five year, renewable term†( Jeff powell, 2007). According the bank’s Article of Agreement state: â€Å"Executive Directors shall select a president wh o shall be chief of operating staff of the bank and shall conduct, under the direction of the Executive Directors, the ordinary business of the bank†(World Bank Group, 2003), â€Å"the Board of Executive Directors selects the President, in practice the head of the Bank is selected by the United States while the head of the IMF is selected by Europe†( David Theis, 2010).This gentleman's agreement between the US and Europe reduces the legitimacy and credibility of the World Bank. No clear procedures exists for ensuring the qualifications of a candidate, nor does a process exist for other member states to review and question appointments. The World Bank President should be selected through an open and transparent process. Now, many people and the global expert and world bank employees disagree the way the president choice and argue that the selection process should be a democratic, not only focuses on one country.They think that United States is no longer valid to be presi dent because the united state account for 16% of the world bank’s share now, it does not play a dominate role in world bank. It is also unfair that united state hold a monopoly over the World Bank’s leadership. Many people give the advice to the World Bank for changing in the selection process. The one way they support is selecting process should be open and based on merit.They believe that opening up the selection process will ensue among qualified candidates’ and it also like a competition, which help the World Bank to get qualify president. The way is simulate new voting system. The new president should pass double majority. This means the president should be approved by a majority of the member countries and group of countries representing majority. This gives everyone opportunity to select who is the best president. The World Bank responses the working group and makes suggestion for selection process. The working group advice (1) the selection should overse e cannot focus on single country. (2) They should have a specific standard for choose candidates. (3) Every country has opportunity to provide candidates†(Daniel Kalinaki. 2002). The most important is candidate that was selected should have more experience and qualifications, and the selection process should be open and transparent. C. Accountability Critics argue that the Bank is unaccountable to its members, because they have charter which is immunity from lawsuits.The bank’s charter grants the bank immunity to the extent that member countries or persons who can not sue the bank about it do not follow its police. And it is fail to make it more accountable. Therefore, many people advice that the bank need to improve their accountable. If the bank cannot show their accountable, the member countries cannot trust what the bank does. As a result, the bank develop many horizontal accountability mechanisms which including the operation evaluation department, the department o f institutional integrity. 1. TransparencyWhile the Bank's internal governance structures minimize the ability for developing countries to engage, the lack of transparency in decision making reduces the effectiveness of external stakeholders to engage in Bank affairs. The lack of Board transcripts leaves stakeholders with no way of knowing where individual Executive Directors stood on issues. This reduces their ability to effectively advocate their position. â€Å"In 1933, the Bank restricted public access to almost every type of document that related to bank’s project. Consequently, people do not know bank’s lending operation, nd they do not know where their money is going†(Jeff powell, (2007) Public scrutiny harm the bank’s decision making and effect its deliberation, the reason why they do is they think that the bank does not have the rights to disclose the documents. It is borrowing country’s property. When the number of public scrutiny and cri ticism increase, the bank attempts to increase its transparency. The bank has expanded the information that allows public to access. As we can see, the bank uses its website to show public what it is doing and publish more research to people.The website that bank published shows the thing it will do, and annual report and presentation. The bank starts to improve transparency policy and create operations manual, and this change make the bank is more accountable to their member countries. It also creates many mechanisms to enhance horizontal accountability, which means department can check the abuses by other department. 2. Dual Feedback Performance Dual feedback performance is an important part to improve governance structure and accountability framework of WBG (World Bank Group).The feedback system is agreed by the executive directors, and it will be a part of WBG’s governance and accountability with next presidential selection round. The main object of Dual feedback performa nce is creating a dynamic relationship between Board and Management to improve in governance and effectiveness of the Board and president. A Committee on Governance and Administrative Matters (COGAM) Working Group composed of Board and Management representatives was established to work on developing a framework for the dual feedback performance of the Board and President. COGAM discussed a report from the Board members of the Working Group and endorsed the report as a significant input to continued work on the framework, which would be taken up by a renewed, integrated Board-Management Working Group in the next term of the Board† (World Bank Group, 2003). Dual feedback Performance can help each other to measure their performance and it can cause the governance of the bank more reliable. Each of department monitor other’s action and the bank will be dependable, because everyone is under the control, and there is less collusion between the departments.The Board and presid ent wish to begin with a structured conversation on their respective effectiveness, measure against the institutional achievement as captured by the corporate scorecard. Conclusion: To improve the World Bank internal governance and ensuring the consistent with Department for International Development’s own objective, reform must take place at The Bank to achieve transparence and responsibility. An improved policy on information discloses would foster transparency and enables stakeholders to hold the Bank and their representatives to account.Improved selection procedures for the President alongside more equitable control among member states on the Board of Executive Directors would expand ownership of the organization to developing countries thereby increasing legitimacy and enhancing credibility and effectiveness and developing countries more opportunities to show their opinions. An improvement of Dual feedback performance helps the World Bank has more accountability to all d epartments; each of department can monitor each other and everything they is under the control.

Free Essays on Contemporary Moral Issues - Abortion

Abortion has been one of the most hotly debated subjects of this past decade, with the sentiment conflicting between the groups labelled as â€Å"pro-choice† and â€Å"pro-life†, as if an imaginary line has been drawn in the sand creating an identifiable good or bad person based on the feelings they have towards the status of an unborn child. The vehement protesters for both sides have gone on to create public debate through many different means; some benign, some not. Lines become somewhat blurred when the situation turns them into a principal player in the decision about what is correct, especially if you are the one who is shaking a doctor’s hand after hearing the word, â€Å"congratulations†. I feel that I have a unique perspective on the entire idea of abortion, as I have personally witnessed or assisted with thirty-five vacuum desiccation abortions during my time with various medical facilities. My role in this situation was to provide moral support and simply a comforting presence to the woman undergoing the procedure. Truth be told, I have cried every time that I have been a part of the procedure, as it is extremely unpleasant and psychologically unsettling to the woman who is having the procedure done. Through this, however, I am still very set in my stance that abortion is morally permissible, and often a correct route of action, depending on the circumstances that surround the situation. As such, I also feel that a woman’s rights override those of the fetus. The situations that I am outlining below are situations that I have personally witnessed, and these have led me to be very firm in the opinion that I have, that the rights of a woman fully outweigh the rights of a fetus. First, to decide whose rights are paramount in an abortion situation, there should also be a consideration of the circumstances that brought about the pregnancy. First off, sometimes pregnancies can put a woman in direct physical harm. F... Free Essays on Contemporary Moral Issues - Abortion Free Essays on Contemporary Moral Issues - Abortion Abortion has been one of the most hotly debated subjects of this past decade, with the sentiment conflicting between the groups labelled as â€Å"pro-choice† and â€Å"pro-life†, as if an imaginary line has been drawn in the sand creating an identifiable good or bad person based on the feelings they have towards the status of an unborn child. The vehement protesters for both sides have gone on to create public debate through many different means; some benign, some not. Lines become somewhat blurred when the situation turns them into a principal player in the decision about what is correct, especially if you are the one who is shaking a doctor’s hand after hearing the word, â€Å"congratulations†. I feel that I have a unique perspective on the entire idea of abortion, as I have personally witnessed or assisted with thirty-five vacuum desiccation abortions during my time with various medical facilities. My role in this situation was to provide moral support and simply a comforting presence to the woman undergoing the procedure. Truth be told, I have cried every time that I have been a part of the procedure, as it is extremely unpleasant and psychologically unsettling to the woman who is having the procedure done. Through this, however, I am still very set in my stance that abortion is morally permissible, and often a correct route of action, depending on the circumstances that surround the situation. As such, I also feel that a woman’s rights override those of the fetus. The situations that I am outlining below are situations that I have personally witnessed, and these have led me to be very firm in the opinion that I have, that the rights of a woman fully outweigh the rights of a fetus. First, to decide whose rights are paramount in an abortion situation, there should also be a consideration of the circumstances that brought about the pregnancy. First off, sometimes pregnancies can put a woman in direct physical harm. F...

Los Angeles (LAs) City

Los Angeles (LAs) City Introduction Los Angeles is ranked second largest city in United States of America. It was founded by Chinese in 1781 and acquired city status in 1850. Los Angeles is home to a number of ethnicity groups; and a metropolitan city. The city covers an area of 3,041.3/km2 (The Official Web Site of The City of Los Angeles, 2010). This paper focuses on a population study of this city; it will look into birth rate, age distribution, population trends, death rates, immigration and emigration, population growth rate, and how these factors affect the society.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Los Angeles (LAs) City specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Population California Department of Finance estimated the population of the city in January 2009 at 4, 094,047. Conversely, the census conducted in 2000 held the population at 3,694,820. The same census recorded a total of 1,275,412 households. There were 798,719 people. The p opulation density was 7,876.8 people per square mile. The population is composed of a number of tribes with white Americans being the majority with 46.9%; African American follows with 11.2%; Asians with 10.5% and other small tribes, which include Native American makes the remaining percentage. Females are the majority forming 50.2% while men form a population of 49.8%, the median age of the population standards at 31.7 %. The population from the above analysis is seen to be (mainly) young and thus there have been a decreased number of employment activities. The change in population stands at 4.6%. This is a rate that is supported by improved living conditions, medical development, and youthful population (Johnson, 2003). Migration and Emigration Migration and emigration may be both legal and illegal. Ministry of foreign affairs is the one that is responsible to administer issues affecting immigrating and emigration. Every country has a legal way that defines the process to be when a foreigner is entering or staying in the country. Illegal immigration is the violation of these procedures, rules and restrictions; it involves the movement of people across borders without legal permission of the destination country. In Los Angeles the population of work force is composed of 46% immigrants. Modern immigrants are mostly from African and Arabian countries. Illegal immigration has for a long period been a bother to both developed and developing countries. Illegal immigration is triggered by factors either in country of origin or country of destination. They have more negative effects to the country of destination than the positive contribution that they make. However, there are measures that can be put in place to reverse the trend (Anon, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Death and Birth rate Birth rate is 15.1 in every 1000 people; this i s a percentage of 1.51%. Death rate stands at 6.1 in every 1000; this translates to 0.61%. The increased birthrate is mostly brought about by young population and high levels of immigrants. Health facilities are highly improved and available and thus they have encouraged a better life improvement. The increased population of the city has resulted in various positive and negative effects. Positive Effects of Increased Population With the increased population there is a higher demand for goods and services that make locally brand internationally recognized. This has facilitated trade in the city. Tourism is a major source of revenue in the city and with increased influx of temporary immigrants as tourism; the country has experienced an increase in foreign revenue. High population is a local market that leads to development in the city. High population is a source of labor; high population leads to high supply of cheap labor. Cheap labor makes the production of goods and services to be low. This assists in manufacturing of low cost goods. Innovation is facilitated by an increased population. This is due to different interactions which might lead to a breakthrough in a certain issue. Negative Effects High population offers a strain in social services. The provision of social services is affected if a country is highly populated. There are some scarce resources and an increase in population only offers a strain to the existing amenities. These are in road and transport services provision, health factors, education, and recreational facilities. With an increased population there is an increased pollution. Pollution is when the economy is making efforts to feed the population. Social crime is on the rise in the city; this has been facilitated by the increased population. Crime calls for more social security which strains the government provision. Unemployment especially in today’s economic crisis that started in 2007 has increased. With high unemployment rate the city’s amenities are strained. Unemployment in 2007 stood at 5.2% (Bachman, 2008). Conclusion Los Angeles is the second largest city in United States. The city is metropolitan where trade is facilitated through international participation and domestic trade. It gained city status in 1850. It is home to a number of ethnic communities. The city covers an area 3,041.3/km2. Unemployment stood at 5.2 in 2007. It has a well developed infrastructures and social amenities, which have resulted in increased population.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Los Angeles (LAs) City specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Anon. (2009). Los Angeles, California, 2007. World Almanac Book of Facts, 332. Retrieved from Master FILE Premier database. Bachman, K. (2008). Los Angeles. Media Week, 18(9), 32. Retrieved from Master FILE Premier database. Johnson, J. (2003). Los Angeles. Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribners Sons. 151-155. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. The Official Web Site of the City of Los Angeles. (2010). Los Angeles Highlights. Retrieved from https://www.lacity.org/

Business Report On Coca-cola Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Report On Coca-cola Company - Essay Example Three factors which will be discussed in the report will be addressing the erosion of the profitability of the company. The factors include profit and nonprofit competition, actual or threat of potential entry and competition by products from outside the company. The report will also address the extent to which the coca-cola company has economic power to charge higher prices. Last the report will detail the strategies the company has employed to remain competitive in the market. Profit is the financial benefit realized when the difference between income and expenses yields an amount that is capable of sustaining the business activity. Profitability therefore is measured using income and expenses and this is the primary goal on any business venture. Price and non price competition, actual or threat of potential entry by competitors and competing products from outside the company are the immediate concerns in this context and therefore are adequately elaborated. The purpose of this report is to provide information for the management of the coca-cola and affiliates about the extent to which price or non price competition, actual or potential threat to entry in the industry by competitors and competing products from outside the company erode the profitability of coca-cola company. The report also addresses the extent to which the company have economic power to charge higher prices and lastly, strategies the company has put forth to remain competitive in the market. ... INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to provide information for the management of the coca-cola and affiliates about the extent to which price or non price competition, actual or potential threat to entry in the industry by competitors and competing products from outside the company erode the profitability of coca-cola company. The report also addresses the extent to which the company have economic power to charge higher prices and lastly, strategies the company has put forth to remain competitive in the market. Coca-cola Company is a multinational business whose headquarters is in America. Coca-cola manufactures, markets, retails and wholesales non alcoholic beverages and concentrates. The company was founded by Assa Griggs candler in 1892 and its headquarters based in Atlanta,CA. Ever since, the company has been on operation despite numerous challenges she has faced. Five major topics make up this report. To what extent does price or non price competition erode the profitabil ity of the company? To what extent does actual or potential threat erode the profitability of the company? To what extent does competing products from outside the company erode the profitability of the company? To what extent does Coca-Cola Company have economic power to charge higher prices? The strategies the coca-cola company has used to remain competitive in the ever changing global community. All these factors are discussed elaborately and adequately. PRICE AND NON-PRICE COMPETITION. Price competition is a situation where a company cuts the price of the product and instead offers it at a lower rate than usual. The price cut could be due to the company’s own volition or as a

Operation managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operation managment - Assignment Example The Company’s commitment to sound and long-term perfection in their products and processes is at the core of their strategy. In order to achieve this, the company consistently works to improve the overall quality of their design, managerial, industrialized and support structures in place (Barnes, 2008). Human resource is the most significant resource at Boeing Company since it is the work force, who undertakes the immense task of building and designing products on offer to their clients. To achieve this, the company combines skills, communications, training, management and environment. This combination enables their employees to achieve the needed gains in productivity and quality in line with the company’s goals. The company as part of its strategy to help achieve long-range goals inculcates careful selection of managers, proper training and team spirit. Competition between these manufacturers of long-range or large standard passenger aircrafts has recently reached at the highest level. Five years ago, Airbus overtook Boeing to be number one and this was because of its accomplishments in middle capacity Airbus A-330 as well as its shorter-range division like the A-340. , Boeing’s overall revenues in 2004 overtook of Airbus. This emanated from Boeing’s profit gains in supplementary activities that include among others; services rendered to defense, martial aerospace and space dealings. With Airbus Company launching A380, the market share is likely to be altered though; Boeing Company will salvage its market share from the new model of 7E7, Dream liner-taking competition to a completely new level (Mahadevan, 2009). The Company employs geographic regions as its basis of segmentation. On this basis, Europe and North America are anticipated to experience growth and continuously increase in their airplane purchases resulting from the large economies of scales currently enjoyed in these regions. Asia pacific regions are equally